　　絲杠與光杠：用以聯(lián)接進(jìn)給箱與溜板箱，并把進(jìn)給箱的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力傳給溜板箱，使溜板箱獲得縱向直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。絲杠是專門(mén)用來(lái)車削各種螺紋而設(shè)置的，在進(jìn)行工件的其他表面車削時(shí)，只用光杠，不用絲杠。同學(xué)們要結(jié)合溜板箱的內(nèi)容區(qū)分光杠與絲杠的區(qū)別。

Screw and light screw: used to connect the feed box and the slide box, and transmit the motion and power of the feed box to the slide box, so that the slide box can achieve longitudinal linear motion. The lead screw is specifically designed for turning various threads. When turning other surfaces of workpieces, only the bare screw is used, not the lead screw. Students need to differentiate between light screws and lead screws based on the content of the slide box.

　　溜板箱：是車床進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的操縱箱，內(nèi)裝有將光杠和絲杠的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)變成刀架直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)構(gòu)，通過(guò)光杠傳動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)刀架的縱向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)、橫向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)和快速移動(dòng)，通過(guò)絲杠帶動(dòng)刀架作縱向直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，以便車削螺紋。

Slide box: It is a control box for the feed motion of the lathe, which is equipped with a mechanism to convert the rotational motion of the light screw and the lead screw into the linear motion of the tool holder. The longitudinal feed motion, transverse feed motion, and rapid movement of the tool holder are achieved through the light screw transmission. The lead screw drives the tool holder to perform longitudinal linear motion for turning threads.

　　主要組成部件有：主軸箱、交換齒輪箱、進(jìn)給箱、溜板箱、刀架、尾架、光杠、絲杠、床身、床腳和冷卻裝置。1797年，英國(guó)機(jī)械發(fā)明家莫茲利創(chuàng)制了用絲杠傳動(dòng)刀架的現(xiàn)代車床，并于1800年采用交換齒輪，可改變進(jìn)給速度和被加工螺紋的螺距。1817年，另一位英國(guó)人羅伯茨采用了四級(jí)帶輪和背輪機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)改變主軸轉(zhuǎn)速。

The main components include: spindle box, exchange gearbox, feed box, slide box, tool holder, tailstock, light screw, lead screw, bed body, bed foot, and cooling device. In 1797, British mechanical inventor Mozley created a modern lathe with a screw driven tool holder, and in 1800, it adopted an exchange gear that could change the feed rate and the pitch of the processed threads. In 1817, another British man, Roberts, adopted a four stage pulley and back wheel mechanism to change the spindle speed.

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